R-loops, type I topoisomerases and cancer

Abstract R-loops are abundant and dynamic structures ubiquitously present in human cells both the nuclear mitochondrial genomes. They form cis wake of transcription complexes trans apart from complexes. In this review, we focus on relationship between topoisomerases, cancer genomics therapies. We summarize topological parameters associated with formation resolution R-loops, which absorb release high levels genomic negative supercoiling (Sc-). review deleterious consequences excessive rationalize how type IA (TOP3B) IB (TOP1) topoisomerases regulate resolve coordination helicase RNase H enzymes. also drugs (topoisomerase inhibitors, splicing G4 stabilizing ligands) predisposing genes (BRCA1/2, transcription, genes) known to induce whether thereby inducing damage can be viewed as a strategy for treatment.